CHAPTER
1: MICROORGANISMS
1) (a) An antibiotic is a substance which forms a
clear area on the nutrient agar surface.
(b) (i)
type of antibiotic
(ii) the size of clear area
(c) B
(d) The
stronger the effect of antibiotic, the bigger the size of clear area
2) (a) A vaccine is a
liquid which consists of weak or dead pathogen
(b) (i) to destroy pathogen
(ii) White blood cells / lymphocyte
(iii) Antibody produces in the first injection
is not sufficient.
(c) Hepatitis A / Hepatitis B /
tuberculosis / Poliomyelitis
(d) Active artificial immunity
3) (a)
Heat :
1 : Boiling in water
at 100º C for 6 hours
2 : Heating for 15
minutes in the autoclave at 121º C
Chemical :
1: Antiseptic
applied on injured skin to prevent reproduction of pathogen
2: Disinfectant used
in cleaning and mopping.
(b)
Mosquito transfers
pathogen to human
Fly transfers
pathogen to the food and food is eaten by human
Mosquito and fly
carry the pathogen from a patient to a healthy person
Example : Rat Not examples : Ant, Bee
The vector is an animal that carries the
pathogen from a patient to a healthy person
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